Prevalence and Perceptions of Dietary Supplement Use Among Nepalese Gym-Users

Abstract

Introduction: Dietary supplements are widely used by gym-goers to enhance physical appearance and performance, but their inappropriate use poses potential health risks. This study aimed to assess the patterns, motivations, and knowledge of dietary supplement use among gym users in the Lamjung District of Nepal.
Methods: This was an observational cross-section study conducted from December 16, 2020, to January 13, 2021, among 214 gym users. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: Among 214 gym users surveyed, 70 (32.71%) reported consuming dietary supplements.Protein and amino acids were used by 49 (70%) of the supplement consumers. The primary motivation for supplement use was muscle mass enhancement 62 (88.57%), followed by increasing strength and power 46 (65.71%). Peers influenced 48 (68.57%) of users, while advertisements had minimal influence 3 (4.29%). Knowledge about supplements showed, 141 (65.89%) believing supplements could contribute to cancer and 126 (58.88%) agreeing that Nepal lacks effective quality control for these products.
Conclusions: Many gym users in Nepal, mostly male students aged 23–28, take dietary supplements—mainly proteins and amino acids—to boost muscle mass, often influenced by peers. The findings reveal gym users perceive high benefits but low health risks from supplements, with peer influence outweighing expert guidance.